Barbiturates

Barbiturates are synthetic drugs that sedate users and have been used to treat anxiety, depression, and sleep problems, but they are also used as anaesthetics. They were previously popular for their sedative and sleep-inducing effects, as they can dampen the activity of the central nervous system. Nonetheless, these substances pose a significant risk because of their limited therapeutic range, where the line between a safe dose and a toxic overdose is very fine.

Barbiturates are still used to treat some medical conditions, such as epilepsy, but benzodiazepines have mostly taken over in treatments for insomnia, anxiety and pain relief. 

Due to this, numerous people were unknowingly taking too much barbiturates, resulting in unintended fatalities. Furthermore, some individuals were intentionally using these substances to end their lives, as they are very efficient in causing breathing difficulties and ultimately leading to death. The improper use and misuse of barbiturates caused a considerable number of deaths and ultimately led to a decrease in their prescription and utilisation in medical settings.

In general, the risks linked with barbiturates have prompted stricter regulations and more careful prescribing habits to avoid additional harm and deaths related to these powerful medications.

Key points of Barbiturates

• Barbiturates were once commonly prescribed for anxiety, depression, and insomnia.
• Many people were accidentally overdosing on barbiturates, resulting in unintended deaths.
• Barbiturates’ dangers have led to stricter regulations and cautious prescribing to prevent harm and fatalities.

What is a Barbiturate? 

There are many different kinds of barbiturates, although they are divided into short, intermediate and long-acting. The most commonly misused are the short-acting versions, as users feel the effects very quickly, usually around 15-30 minutes after they take the drugs. 

Pentobarbital

Probably the most widely known of barbiturates is pentobarbital. It is short-acting and has been used extensively in treating various conditions ranging from epilepsy to insomnia. It can be extremely dangerous in high doses and has been used as a lethal injection drug and a euthanasia drug in end-of-life care. 

The drug has been misused as a recreational drug and for self-medicating for mental health disorders. However, it is limited in popularity due to the high risk of overdose, even with fairly similar doses. Although it is less common than other drugs, it is addictive, and many people who use it long-term for epilepsy and other conditions are at risk of addiction to this prescription drug. 

Sodium Thiopental

One of the fastest-acting barbiturates is sodium thiopental. This drug has been used in anaesthesia in humans and animals. In high doses, it is lethal and is considered an option for lethal injections. The drug has also been used by interrogators as a ‘truth serum’ as it confuses and supposedly reduces resistance to questioning. This has been widely shown in media, but tests show that people taking the drug are, in fact, highly suggestible, and information provided under its influence is likely unreliable at best. 

In low doses, sodium thiopental is used to help with the desensitisation of psychiatric patients and victims of severe trauma.

Amytal Sodium

Amobarbital has been more widely misused and led to severe addiction and death in some recreational users. The hypnotic and sedative effects are more popular with drug users, as well as their ability to help with anxiety and nervous disorders. It is less quick-acting than other barbiturates, but it is still deadly at high doses.  The street name for the pill form, which also contained secobarbital in blue tablets, is ‘blue heavens’. 

What is the law regarding Barbiturates?

In the United Kingdom, barbiturates are classified as controlled substances according to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. This means that possessing, distributing, and manufacturing barbiturates without a valid prescription or license is against the law. Barbiturates are recognised for their high risk of misuse and addiction, leading to strict government regulation of their usage.

Within the UK, barbiturates are mainly utilised in medical environments for managing epilepsy, insomnia, and anxiety disorders. However, this is becoming less common as benzodiazepines replace barbiturates. Physicians prescribe them in limited amounts and for specific medical conditions. Nevertheless, the improper use of barbiturates for recreational purposes poses a significant concern due to their calming and sleep-inducing effects.

It is crucial for people to understand the legal consequences of having, distributing, or making barbiturates without a legitimate prescription. In the UK, penalties for drug-related crimes can vary from monetary fines to incarceration, based on the seriousness of the offence.

In general, the regulations concerning barbiturates in the UK are stringent in deterring the improper use and misuse of these potentially harmful substances. It is essential for individuals only to use barbiturates as directed by a healthcare provider and to be mindful of the legal repercussions of illicit drug behaviour.

The History of Barbiturates

Barbiturates were first introduced in the early 20th century in the United Kingdom as drugs used to induce sleep and reduce anxiety. They became popular for their sedative-hypnotic effects. During the 1950s and 1960s, barbiturates were commonly given for various conditions such as insomnia, epilepsy, and anxiety disorders.

However, their widespread use raised concerns about potential abuse and addiction. In the 1970s, stricter regulations were implemented to monitor the prescription and distribution of barbiturates in the UK.

Over the next few years, the use of barbiturates decreased as safer and less habit-forming options became more common. Nowadays, barbiturates are seldom recommended in the UK and are primarily utilised in medical settings for calming and numbing purposes.

Although their popularity has waned, barbiturates still present a danger of excessive consumption and dependence if abused. Lately, worries have emerged regarding the presence of fake barbiturates on the illicit market, prompting demands for stricter rules and greater recognition of the risks associated with these substances.

Currently, in the UK, barbiturates are seldom recommended because of their high risk for misuse and overdose. They fall under controlled substances according to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, necessitating strict regulations for their prescription. The evolution of barbiturates in the UK highlights changing perceptions towards sedative-hypnotic medications and a heightened understanding of the dangers linked to their consumption.

What are the Effects of Barbiturates?

The impact of barbiturates can differ based on the amount taken and an individual’s tolerance level. Common effects include relaxation, sleepiness, and a general feeling of tranquillity. Higher doses may result in confusion, lack of coordination, and difficulty speaking clearly. In severe cases, an overdose can lead to slowed breathing, unconsciousness, and potentially death.

Using barbiturates for an extended period can lead to increased tolerance, dependence, and addiction. Suddenly stopping use can cause withdrawal symptoms such as nervousness, shaking, and seizures. Prolonged use can also adversely affect memory, cognitive abilities, and overall brain function.

Although barbiturates can pose risks when misused, they can have positive effects when taken as directed. It is crucial to only use these medications with the guidance of a medical professional and to be aware of the possible dangers that come with their use.

What are the Risks of Not Using Barbiturates as Prescribed?

The consequences of not following the prescribed use of Barbiturates can be significant and potentially harmful. Barbiturates are a type of medication that depresses the central nervous system and is commonly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. When taken incorrectly, there is a higher chance of developing a tolerance to the drug, which can result in an increased risk of overdose.

Moreover, not adhering to the prescribed usage of Barbiturates can also trigger withdrawal symptoms when the medication is suddenly discontinued. These symptoms may include anxiety, insomnia, shaking, and seizures. In severe instances, withdrawal from Barbiturates can be life-threatening.

Moreover, failure to follow the prescribed instructions for Barbiturates can heighten the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder. Improper use or excessive consumption of Barbiturates may result in addiction and reliance, posing significant threats to both the physical and mental well-being of an individual. Hence, it is crucial to strictly adhere to the healthcare provider’s recommendations when using Barbiturates to reduce the associated risks. Additionally, it is imperative to refrain from sharing Barbiturates with others or exceeding the recommended dosage to prevent potential harm.

What if I am Addicted to Barbiturates? 

If you or those around you are expressing worry about the quantity of barbiturates you are consuming, it could be a red flag for addiction. It’s crucial to listen to any concerns or alerts from loved ones, as they might notice a pattern of misuse or dependence that you may not be aware of.

Furthermore, if you frequently feel the need to exceed your prescribed dosage, this could also be a sign of potential addiction. Seeking help and assistance is essential if you suspect you are grappling with a barbiturate addiction, as this can have severe repercussions on your health and overall well-being.

Although the social harm and dependence on barbiturates is less than some other hard drugs, such as heroin and cocaine, the level of harm to the person taking the drug is high. 

Dealing with addiction can be complicated, but with proper care and assistance, it is possible to overcome it. Do not hesitate to contact Detox Plus for guidance on beginning the journey to a more fulfilling and joyful life.

Rehab for Barbiturate Addiction

We recognise that individuals have diverse backgrounds and requirements when seeking assistance for addiction or mental health issues. 

Detox Plus is committed to providing personalised rehab therapy programs tailored to each individual. 

Our skilled team is devoted to guiding you in selecting the most appropriate program to support you on your journey to recovery. Whether you require individual counselling, group sessions, or a combination of both, we will work together to create a customised treatment plan addressing your specific challenges and goals.

Detox Plus recognises the importance of outpatient treatment in providing flexibility and support to individuals in recovery while not in a residential setting. 

Choosing to seek help for addiction can feel intimidating and overwhelming. It is a significant milestone to admit there is a problem and ask for help. Remember, you are not alone in this process. Our compassionate team of professionals can assist you throughout your recovery journey.

Our specialists are devoted to assisting you in attaining lasting rehabilitation from substance abuse. They comprehend the obstacles and hardships associated with addiction and are determined to lead you towards a more wholesome, joyful, and substance-free existence. The journey to recovery requires patience, hard work, and commitment. 

Our staff will collaborate with you to develop a customised recovery plan tailored to your needs and objectives. They will equip you with the necessary resources, support, and guidance to conquer addiction and establish a fresh start in life.

Taking the initiative to seek assistance and dedicating yourself to healing is the initial move towards a more hopeful tomorrow. Remember that rehabilitation is achievable, and our staff is available to support you throughout the process. You have the right to live a life without the control of substance abuse, and we are here to assist you in turning that into a truth.

Sources

https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/barbiturates_en European Union Drugs Agency Barbiturates drug profile

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539731/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17382831/ Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse Lancet 2007